The baseline: Your secondary diploma must be equivalent to the Dutch VWO diploma, and mathematics must be one of your final exam subjects. The UvA’s Diploma Finder lists what each country’s qualifications need; if yours isn’t listed, you can still apply and admissions assesses it individually.
A worked example, from PPLE: PPLE asks U.S. applicants for a high school diploma with a 3.5 GPA and at least four AP exams in different subjects, each scored 3 to 5, including a 4 or higher in Calculus AB or BC. It asks IB students for 34 points across six subjects and UK students for three A levels at ABB, including at least a C in Mathematics. Other programs set their own lists, so check yours.
English: The UvA asks for C1-level English, such as IELTS Academic 6.5 (6 in each section) or TOEFL iBT 92 (22 in each section). At-home tests aren’t accepted, and results must be less than two years old when your program starts. Fully English-taught secondary schooling in the U.S., UK, Canada (outside Quebec), Ireland, Australia, or New Zealand can exempt you. Some programs set higher scores.
IB diplomas, for EEA nationals: EEA nationals applying to one of 14 listed programs skip the application fee and document upload; the UvA checks results with the IB.