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Planning Guides

PLANNING GUIDES · MASTER'S

Choose a master's by what it teaches you, not its name.

Two programs with the same name can teach very different things. Match the program to the work you want next, and plan your funding at the same time as your application. You'll meet ten of our master's students along the way.

Written for the 2026–27 application year.

For programs starting in fall (autumn) 2027.

This year at a glance

When is funding decided?

Often with your application. Six of the twelve programs in our deadline list, Oxford among them, consider you for funding when you apply.

What matters most, in our view
A program whose courses teach the work you want to do next. Which master's
One thing this month
List each program's funding deadline next to its application deadline. At Harvard Kennedy School, financial aid has its own form, due January 15, 2027. Deadlines
Can wait, in our view
Choosing between offers. Compare them in the spring, with the funding beside each one. Your offers →

Programs can change their dates and rules during the year. Check each program's own page.

The brick Belfer Building at Harvard Kennedy School, with autumn trees and outdoor steps
Belfer Building, Harvard Kennedy School · Photo: ajay_suresh / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0. Resized and cropped.

Is this the right degree?

Pick the degree by the job you want next.

A master's gives you depth in one field. For a management role or a career change after some years of work, read the MBA guide too.

  • A bigger management role, or a change of careerAn MBA: full-time, part-time, or executive.Read the MBA guide →Would a move inside your company, or a short course, get you there?
  • A start in business, straight after universityA master's in management or finance.You're hereWould an entry-level job with training do the same?
  • Depth in one field, such as policy, computing, health, law, or planningA specialized master's.You're hereDoes the program teach the work you want to do?
  • A career in researchA PhD. In the UK and Europe, often after a research master's.Read the PhD guide →Have you done research, and do you want more of it?
  • You're not sure yetMaybe no degree yet.Could you get there without one? Find out in the MBA guide →What would a degree give you that work can't?

Decide: which master's

Before you compare names, check what matters most in your field.

The schools shown are examples. If we have a guide to one, its logo opens it.

What to check first, field by field
FieldCheck this first
Policy: the MPP, a master's in public policy, or the MPA, a master's in public affairs or administrationWho it's for. Princeton's MPP is one year, for people with seven or more years of full-time public or nonprofit work. Its MPA takes two.
Economics: an MPhil (Master of Philosophy) or an MSc (Master of Science)The math it expects. Oxford's MPhil expects you to know math and probability before you start, and runs a two-week math course before classes begin. See the PhD guide too.
Computer science and engineeringWhether it's a research or a professional degree, and, in the U.S., whether it's on the government's STEM list (science, technology, engineering, and math), which lets you work there longer after you graduate. Cornell Tech's one-year Master of Engineering (MEng) is project-based and on the list.
Public health: the MPH (Master of Public Health)Accreditation by CEPH, the U.S. accreditor for public health. Columbia's Mailman School has it.
Environment, planning, and educationHow you'll get hands-on practice. Yale's Master of Environmental Management (MEM) requires a summer internship or research, Stanford's Learning Design and Technology master's includes internship work across two quarters, and MIT's Master in City Planning ends with a thesis.
Law: the LL.M., a one-year master's for lawyersWhere you want to practice. To take New York's bar exam, a lawyer trained abroad needs several things, including an LL.M. earned on the U.S. campus of a law school approved by the American Bar Association.
ManagementHow long after graduating you can apply. London Business School (LBS) takes people who graduated in the last two years, and the London School of Economics (LSE) prefers less than a year of work.
Still at university?In your final year? Compare a master's, a deferred MBA, and a job before this year's deadlines.

Sure what you want next? Apply this year. Not sure? Take the job: an MBA will still be open to you later, and a master's in management will be too, for a year or two.

Who to askEach program's admissions office, about who counts as a final-year student and how many years of work it expects.

Three ways to start
  • A master's in managementBusiness courses straight after your bachelor's. Apply in your final year, or soon after: each program sets how soon.An MBA later: LBS says you can apply, with the usual entry requirementsThe HEC Paris and ESSEC admissions pages don't say either way
  • A deferred MBAApply in your final year, by April 2027 for most programs. Then work for two years before Harvard Business School (HBS), two to four before Wharton, or two to five before Columbia.The program holds your MBA place, with conditions such as deposits and approved work
  • A job firstWork experience. Apply whenever you're ready.A regular MBA laterA master's in management, within a year or two of graduating
Deferred MBAs: the dates and the rules to check

April 2027

Five deferred MBA programs close in April. Each one sets how many years you work before you start.

  • HBS 2+2April 28, 2027Two years of work, or three or four in some cases

    HBS 2+2: For final-year students, and master's students who went straight from their bachelor's.

  • Wharton MoelisApril 21, 2027Two to four years of work
  • ColumbiaApril 15, 2027Two to five years of work

    Columbia: A $500 deposit, then $500 for each year you defer.

  • MIT SloanApril 13, 2027Two to five years of work
  • Chicago Booth ScholarsApril 1, 2027Two to five years of work

Any deadline

Stanford takes deferred applications at each of its MBA application deadlines.

  • StanfordAny deadlineOne to four years of work

    Stanford: Graduate students qualify only if they went straight from their bachelor's.

Study first

Yale reverses the order: you study first, then work for a year or more, then finish.

  • Yale Silver ScholarsJanuary 6 or April 7, 2027The first round closed September 15, 2026

Logos open each program's page. Dates are as each program lists them.

The evidence, and what it doesn’t show

Decide: one year or two, and the cost

Pay for a second year only if it buys something you can name.

What a second year buys
CompareOne yearTwo years
A summer internshipAn option at LSE and Imperial, which you arrange yourselfRequired in Princeton's MPA, Harvard Kennedy School's MPA/ID (international development), and Yale's MEM (an internship or research)
DepthA concentrated yearOften a thesis or a client project: Oxford's MPhil ends in a thesis, and Princeton's MPA in a policy workshop

A second year also means a second year of fees, living costs, and the salary you give up.

N.K. chose two years to make time for an internship. M.C. did too, for Oxford's training sequence and dissertation. R.V. chose Cornell's one-year MEng, partly for its cost.

Funding can matter more than the price: Princeton covers tuition for every MPA student, and MIT's Master in City Planning offers admitted students 80% of their tuition.

What each program costs, and what's covered
ProgramLengthWhat it costs, as statedWhat's covered, and how
Princeton MPATwo yearsTuition and fees covered for all MPA studentsPlus a living stipend based on need, for two years. Funding is part of the application.
MIT Master in City PlanningTwo years$109,017 for a nine-month year, living costs included, in MIT's 2026–27 budgetAdmitted students are offered 80% of tuition plus health insurance
Harvard Kennedy School MPPTwo years$103,759 for a nine-month year, living costs included (2026–27)Mostly merit-based aid, by a separate application due January 15, 2027
Oxford MPhil in Economics21 months£34,850 a year in fees for overseas students (2027–28), plus £1,475 to £2,175 a month to live on, for one personApply by January 26, 2027, and you're considered for most scholarships automatically
LSE Master's in Management12 months£44,900 in fees for the whole program (2027/28), plus living costsNeed-based support: a form you send after an offer, by April 22, 2027
Cornell Tech MEng in Computer ScienceOne year$73,946 tuition (2026–27), plus $40,746 to live onLimited tuition scholarships, considered automatically. No need-based aid.

Each figure is the program's own, for the year it names. For a two-year program, budget for both years.

ScholarshipsStarting in 2027? The big UK scholarships close in October 2026. After that, what's still open usually comes with your program application.

Look first at the funding that comes with your program application: at Oxford, Princeton, and Cornell Tech, you're considered when you apply.

Who to askEach scholarship's own office, and for the Commonwealth Scholarships, the organization in your country that nominates candidates.

  • Government

    For 2027 study, the UK's Chevening scholarship closes in October 2026, on a date set for each country. The Commonwealth Scholarships for master's study close on October 20, 2026, but the organization that nominates you in your country may set an earlier deadline. Home-country awards can close even earlier: Fulbright Philippines closed April 30, 2026, for study starting in 2027. Indonesia's LPDP scholarship closed its latest round in July 2026, and its schedule page doesn't show the next one yet. Erasmus Mundus programs set their own dates, usually October to January. Planning for 2028? Check your country's dates now.

  • University

    Oxford considers you for its Clarendon Scholarships automatically if you apply by your program's December or January deadline. Stanford's Knight-Hennessy closed October 6, 2026, and its 2028 round opens in June 2027. Cambridge's LL.M. lists December 8, 2026 for funding.

  • Foundation

    The Aga Khan Foundation's scholarship is half grant and half loan, for selected countries, with its next round in early 2027. It doesn't currently fund study in the UK.

The evidence, and what it doesn’t show
For parentsPaying for your child's master's? Get four answers before you commit.

Get these four answers before you pay a deposit.

Check whether your government's scholarship applies, for example Indonesia's LPDP, and when its next round opens. You can help with deadlines, budgets, and visits. Leave the writing to your child: our rule is that every sentence in an application is the applicant's own.

Parents are welcome at our free introduction.

Who to askEach program's funding office, about the full cost and what an award covers.

  • The full cost

    Every year of fees and living costs, not only the first.

  • The funding

    What's guaranteed, for how many years, in writing.

  • The right to work

    Whether the degree lets your child work in that country afterward.

  • The job back home

    Where graduates from your country work now.

The evidence, and what it doesn’t show

Want to work in the U.S. afterward? Check whether the degree is on the STEM list: it can add up to 24 months to the usual 12 months of work. Harvard Kennedy School's MPA/ID and Cornell Tech's MEng are on it; Princeton's MPA and MIT's planning degrees aren't. These rules change often, so check before you count on them.

Working after your degree: what to check, as of October 9, 2026
What each official page says
CountryVisa or permitWhat the official page says
The U.S.OPT (Optional Practical Training), permission to work after your degreeUp to 12 months
The U.S.The STEM extension, for degrees on the U.S. list of science, technology, engineering, and math fieldsUp to 24 more months
The U.S.The H-1B, the main U.S. work visaYour employer applies. When there are more applications than visas, a lottery decides, and since 2026 higher-paid jobs get more chances. In June 2026, a federal court struck down the government's guidance on a $100,000 payment, and the government says it still plans to collect that payment if the court's order is lifted. In August 2026, it also proposed a $103,265 fee on petitions in the lottery. Ask each employer how it handles these costs.
The UKThe Graduate visa18 months, for applications from January 1, 2027

Sources: USCIS: OPT · USCIS: STEM OPT · USCIS: H-1B · Federal Register: H-1B weighted selection · GOV.UK: Graduate visa · Harvard Kennedy School MPA/ID · Cornell Tech admitted students · Princeton SPIA FAQ · MIT DUSP admissions.

Apply: deadlines and funding

Want an Oxford master's with funding? Apply by your program's December or January deadline.

December

Seven programs have their first or main deadline in December.

  • Princeton MPADecember 1, 2026Funding is part of the application.
  • Harvard Kennedy School MPP and MPA/IDDecember 1, 2026Financial aid has its own form, due January 15, 2027.
  • Cornell Tech MEngDecember 1, 2026The priority date. Round 2 closes January 26, 2027.
  • Columbia MPHDecember 1, preferredAfter that, applications are accepted until January 15. You're considered for scholarships automatically.
  • Yale MEMDecember 1The aid form is due February 1.
  • Cambridge LL.M.December 8, 2026Funding: the same date.
  • MIT Master in City PlanningDecember 15Aid comes with admission.

January

Four more have deadlines in January.

  • Imperial MSc FinanceJanuary 6, 2027The second of four rounds. Scholarships can run out before the later deadlines.
  • Stanford Learning Design and TechnologyJanuary 7, 2027You're considered for fellowships automatically.
  • Johns Hopkins Biomedical EngineeringJanuary 15, 2027A Master of Science in Engineering (MSE).
  • Oxford MPhil in EconomicsJanuary 26, 2027The scholarship deadline. The final deadline is March 2, 2027.

Rolling

LSE decides as applications arrive.

  • LSE Master's in ManagementRollingYou send the funding form after an offer, by April 22, 2027.

Logos open each program's page. Dates are as each program lists them. Where a program lists a date without a year, so does this page.

Our viewPlan funding with your application, not after your offers. At many schools, scholarships are decided by the first deadline.

Our students D.A. and N.T. each prepared funding applications alongside their admission materials.

Apply: can I get in?

Want to raise your chances? Close your biggest gap with proof the admissions office can check.

Seven of our ten master's students did this before they applied.

The gap each one closed before applying
StudentThe gapWhat they added
A.O.An older weakness in statisticsA graded quantitative refresher, and a short appendix of her recent spreadsheet and administrative-data work
M.C.A lower grade in real analysisExtra proof-based exercises with a faculty member
S.P.Basic statistics years earlier, and little economicsGraded statistics and introductory urban economics, then a small map of transit access from a public dataset
R.V.Code he couldn't shareA small public project that rebuilt a work problem with sample data he created

D.A. took graded linear algebra, N.K. took policy courses and wrote a short memo, and N.T. took a graded biostatistics course.

Few programs publish their numbers. Here's what two do.

  • About90places in Oxford's MPhil in Economics for 2027–28, and 543 applications a year, averaged over three years
  • 2 to 3years of work: typical at Harvard Kennedy School's MPP, though none is required

Each program's own figures. They aren't your chances.

Your statement of purposeBuild your statement of purpose on one problem from your work, and write every sentence yourself.

A.O. built hers on one permit backlog she knew well, instead of sweeping claims.

Some programs limit outside help. Harvard Griffin GSAS, the Harvard school for master's and PhD programs in the arts and sciences, lets others only “suggest minor edits or … identify grammatical errors.” So that's all our mentors do on GSAS statements. Everywhere else, we ask questions and give advice, but you still write every sentence.

Who to askEach program's admissions office, about outside help. Its application instructions set the rules.

Using AI (artificial intelligence): our rule
Using AI toOur rule
Brainstorm ideasYes, if the program allows it
Check your grammar and spellingYes, if the program allows it
Write or rewrite your sentencesNever

Each program's own rules come first. Some allow less.

The evidence, and what it doesn’t show

What it doesn’t show: These are authorship rules, not a measure of how much a statement counts.

RecommendersGive each recommender a fact sheet of the work they saw, never a drafted letter.

Choose people who supervised your work over people with big titles.

R.V. gave his recommenders a list of projects they had directly observed, not drafted praise to sign. A.O. chose supervisors who had seen her work firsthand.

Who to askYour recommenders, about what they remember of your work.

A sample fact sheet
ProjectYour partWhat they sawWhen
A report you ledYou wrote the analysis and presented itYour draft, and the meeting where you presented itMarch 2025
A process you redesignedYou mapped the steps and tested the changeThe weekly results, before and after2024

An example. Fill in your own projects.

The evidence, and what it doesn’t show

What it doesn’t show: Each program sets its own rules on letters. Check its application instructions.

Apply: our students

Writing about your work? Describe your own part, and don't inflate it.

We've published ten master's stories. In eight, the student's first drafts claimed more than their work could show. Open a card to see how each one fixed it.

Four years in public service, KenyaMeet A.O.Small, real improvements can carry a strong application.ChosePrincetonAlso admittedHarvard Kennedy SchoolPenn

Small, real improvements can carry a strong application.

A public-service and nonprofit professional in Kenya, applying after four years of work. A.O. had tracked delayed permits, coordinated citizen workshops, and helped a small nonprofit improve its complaint records. Her responsibility was real, but the scale was municipal rather than national. Early drafts described every project as a transformation and avoided a weaker statistics sequence from several years earlier. She was also unsure how public policy and public administration degrees differed.

How we helped: We helped her describe her own contribution precisely, address the statistics record directly, and compare programs by the training she needed.

A.O. was also admitted to Harvard Kennedy School’s MPP and Penn’s Fels Institute MPA. She chose Princeton after comparing the funding offer, quantitative core, and public-service focus.

Read A.O.'s story →

Three years in software, the PhilippinesMeet R.V.You don’t need a publication to show technical depth.ChoseCornellAlso admittedStanford

You don’t need a publication to show technical depth.

A software analyst at a logistics company in the Philippines, applying after three years of work. R.V. maintained internal software used by warehouse teams and had taken on monitoring and data-cleaning work. Confidentiality kept him from sharing the code. With no publications, he first described routine automation as artificial-intelligence deployment, and his goals moved between research, product management, data science, and entrepreneurship.

How we helped: We helped him describe his tools by what they actually did, show public evidence of his method, and narrow his goal to reliable computing systems.

R.V. was also admitted to Stanford’s MS in Computer Science. He chose Cornell’s MEng in Computer Science after comparing professional focus, program length, family funding, and the cost of leaving work.

Read R.V.'s story →

A year as a part-time research assistant, BrazilMeet M.C.Being close to research is not the same as owning it.ChoseOxfordAlso admittedCambridgeColumbia

Being close to research is not the same as owning it.

An economics graduate in Brazil, applying after a year as a part-time research assistant. M.C. hoped to pursue doctoral research, but his early statement claimed a mature research agenda he hadn’t yet earned. His assistantship involved cleaning survey data, producing tables, and checking citations. A lower grade in real analysis also raised a fair question about his math preparation.

How we helped: We helped him separate assisting from authoring, address the math grade with new evidence, and compare programs by their training.

M.C. was also admitted to Cambridge’s MPhil in Economics and Columbia’s MA in Economics. He chose Oxford’s two-year MPhil in Economics for its training sequence and dissertation.

Read M.C.'s story →

Five years teaching math, in a rural U.S. districtMeet L.W.Experience gives you good questions, not automatic answers.ChoseStanfordAlso admittedHarvardPenn

Experience gives you good questions, not automatic answers.

A middle-school math teacher in a U.S. district serving rural communities, applying after five years of teaching. L.W. had adapted math lessons for classrooms with unreliable internet and a wide range of reading levels. She had created practical teacher materials, but no commercial product and no formal design training. Her first essay proposed an ambitious adaptive-learning platform before asking whether software was the right answer.

How we helped: We helped her start from a smaller, real problem and compare programs by the kind of design work she wanted to do.

L.W. was also admitted to Harvard’s Ed.M. in Learning Design, Innovation, and Technology and Penn’s M.S.Ed. in Education Entrepreneurship. She chose Stanford’s MS in Learning Design and Technology.

Read L.W.'s story →

Four years in architecture, BengaluruMeet S.P.A career change is stronger when it builds on what you know.ChoseMITAlso admittedHarvardColumbia

A career change is stronger when it builds on what you know.

An architect in Bengaluru applying to planning programs after four years in practice. S.P. worked on apartment and commercial developments where transport, water access, and local rules shaped every design. Her project teams often met those systems only after key decisions had been made. Her early statement described each building as transforming its neighborhood, which she couldn’t verify, and she had little formal economics.

How we helped: We helped her present planning as a continuation of architecture, keep her claims to what she could show, and strengthen her quantitative preparation.

S.P. was also admitted to Harvard’s Master in Urban Planning and Columbia’s MS in Urban Planning. She chose MIT’s Master in City Planning for its analytical core, planning studios, and balance of technology and public systems.

Read S.P.'s story →

Five years in corporate sustainability, TokyoMeet N.K.Show your part of a big goal, not the whole goal.ChoseYaleAlso admittedOxfordColumbia

Show your part of a big goal, not the whole goal.

A sustainability professional at a Tokyo consumer-goods company, applying after five years of work. N.K. collected emissions data, coordinated supplier questionnaires, and supported annual sustainability reporting, and she helped test packaging changes in one product category. Her title suggested a wider strategic role than she held. Early essays described company-wide emissions goals as the outcomes of her work.

How we helped: We helped her trace each claim to her own role, strengthen her policy preparation, and choose a realistic next step.

N.K. was also admitted to Oxford’s MSc in Environmental Change and Management and Columbia’s MPA in Environmental Science and Policy. She chose Yale’s Master of Environmental Management.

Read N.K.'s story →

Three years in economic analysis, GhanaMeet D.A.Real contribution doesn’t have to mean authorship.ChoseHarvard Kennedy SchoolAlso admittedOxfordYale

Real contribution doesn’t have to mean authorship.

An economic analyst at a regional development organization in Ghana, applying after three years of work. D.A. cleaned survey data, supported cost analyses, and helped prepare briefing materials for education and employment programs. He hadn’t authored his organization’s research or chosen its methods. His early statements swung between presenting him as a development economist and treating graduate school as the start of his analytical work.

How we helped: We helped him describe the honest middle ground: a capable analyst ready for deeper training.

D.A. was also admitted to Oxford’s MSc in Economics for Development and Yale’s MA in International and Development Economics. He chose Harvard Kennedy School’s MPA/ID after receiving support that made attending possible.

Read D.A.'s story →

Three years in law practice, MilanMeet C.S.Careful junior work can say more than a list of trends.ChoseCambridgeAlso admittedColumbiaBerkeley

Careful junior work can say more than a list of trends.

A junior lawyer qualified in Italy, working at a mid-sized Milan firm, applying after three years in practice. C.S. worked on contract review, regulatory research, and due diligence for clients ranging from small technology companies to established manufacturers. She had contributed to cross-border matters but never led a major case. Her first application listed artificial intelligence, privacy, competition, and international arbitration, which together sounded like a list of current legal trends.

How we helped: We helped her find one question her work had actually raised, and describe her role within confidentiality limits.

C.S. was also admitted to the LL.M. programs at Columbia and Berkeley. She chose Cambridge’s LL.M. for its concentrated one-year structure and comparative focus.

Read C.S.'s story →

Two years in medical devices, the U.S.Meet I.B.Show the engineering, not borrowed impact.ChoseJohns HopkinsAlso admittedStanfordColumbia

Show the engineering, not borrowed impact.

A biomedical engineer at a small U.S. device company, applying after two years of work. I.B. worked on testing fixtures, documentation, and early usability studies for a device that hadn’t yet reached the market. She understood the engineering deeply but couldn’t claim patient outcomes or commercial success. Her undergraduate research hadn’t produced a publication, and she moved between a Ph.D., product development, and entrepreneurship.

How we helped: We helped her separate the device’s purpose, her own engineering work, and outcomes that didn’t yet exist.

I.B. was also admitted to Stanford’s MS in Bioengineering and Columbia’s MS in Biomedical Engineering. She chose the MSE in Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins.

Read I.B.'s story →

Three years in a maternal-health program, VietnamMeet N.T.Clinical experience is valuable, but it isn’t population evidence.ChoseColumbiaAlso admittedHarvardUCLA

Clinical experience is valuable, but it isn’t population evidence.

A Vietnamese physician in a provincial maternal-health program, applying after three years of program work. After clinical training, N.T. coordinated facility reporting, staff training, and follow-up for a maternal-health program. She had seen how transportation, record quality, and staffing affected whether guidance reached patients. She hadn’t designed the program’s evaluation, but her early essays cited regional improvements as evidence of her own effectiveness.

How we helped: We helped her separate her role from the program’s results, keep patients unidentifiable, and strengthen her statistics.

N.T. was also admitted to the MPH programs at Harvard and UCLA. She chose the MPH at Columbia’s Mailman School of Public Health.

Read N.T.'s story →

Apply: what can go wrong

Avoid four traps. Here's what our students did instead.

A list built on familiar names

A.O. compared programs by what they teach instead.

More on a list built on familiar names

Her first list reflected familiar names more than what she needed to learn, what it would cost, and where she wanted to work.

A list of fashionable topics

C.S. narrowed four topics to one question from her own work.

More on a list of fashionable topics

She first listed artificial intelligence, privacy, competition, and international arbitration, which together sounded like a list of current legal trends.

Treating different formats as the same

L.W. compared what each program would have her doing every day.

More on treating different formats as the same

A residential design program, a broader education degree, and an executive entrepreneurship format would have led to different days and different careers. She chose the design practice she wanted most.

Choosing by how demanding a program sounds

D.A. matched each program's demands to his real preparation.

More on choosing by how demanding a program sounds

One more course could show effort, but it couldn't recreate a math degree. So he looked for programs that fit his foundation and his goals.

Where we come in

How Letrado can help.

Most of this advice costs nothing to follow. If you'd like help with part of it, here's where we come in.

Start with a free 45-minute introduction.

We follow it with a personalized plan by email. Bring your transcript and the programs you're weighing, and we'll talk through which fit your goal and when each one decides funding. Parents are welcome too.

Arrange your free introduction →